PEP 432 specifies a number of large changes to interpreter startup code, including exposing a cleaner C-API. The major changes depend on a number of smaller changes. This patch includes all those smaller changes.
Issue #26637: The importlib module now emits an ImportError rather than a
TypeError if __import__() is tried during the Python shutdown process but
sys.path is already cleared (set to None).
In a previous change, __spec__.parent was prioritized over
__package__. That is a backwards-compatibility break, but we do
eventually want __spec__ to be the ground truth for module details. So
this change reverts the change in semantics and instead raises an
ImportWarning when __package__ != __spec__.parent to give people time
to adjust to using spec objects.
not defined for a relative import.
This is the start of work to try and clean up import semantics to rely
more on a module's spec than on the myriad attributes that get set on
a module. Thanks to Rose Ames for the patch.
Known limitations of the current implementation:
- documentation changes are incomplete
- there's a reference leak I haven't tracked down yet
The leak is most visible by running:
./python -m test -R3:3 test_importlib
However, you can also see it by running:
./python -X showrefcount
Importing the array or _testmultiphase modules, and
then deleting them from both sys.modules and the local
namespace shows significant increases in the total
number of active references each cycle. By contrast,
with _testcapi (which continues to use single-phase
initialisation) the global refcounts stabilise after
a couple of cycles.
The concept of .pyo files no longer exists. Now .pyc files have an
optional `opt-` tag which specifies if any extra optimizations beyond
the peepholer were applied.
importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module() is also defined.
Before this change, create_module() was optional **and** could return
None to trigger default semantics. This change now reduces the
options for choosing default semantics to one and in the most
backporting-friendly way (define create_module() to return None).
Along the way, dismantle importlib._bootstrap._SpecMethods as it was
no longer relevant and constructing the new function required
partially dismantling the class anyway.
This code was an artifact of issuing a DeprecationWarning for the lack
of loader.exec_module(). However, we have deferred such warnings to
later Python versions.
Early in the PEP 451 implementation some of the importlib loaders had
their own _get_spec() methods to simplify accommodating them. However,
later implementations removed the need. They simply failed to remove
this code at the same time. :)
module loaders.
Due to the fact that the call signatures for extension modules and
built-in modules does not allow for the specifying of what module to
initialize and that on Windows all extension modules are built-in
modules, work to clean up built-in and extension module initialization
will have to wait until Python 3.5. Because of this the semantics of
exec_module() would be incorrect, so removing the methods for now is
the best option; load_module() is still used as a fallback by
importlib and so this won't affect semantics.
importlib.machinery.FileFinder.
While originally moved to stop special-casing '' as PathFinder farther
up the typical call chain now uses the cwd in the instance of '', it
was deemed an unnecessary risk to breaking subclasses of FileFinder to
take the special-casing out.
exists when checking for a package.
Before there was an isdir check and then various isfile checks for
possible __init__ files when looking for a package.
This change drops the isdir check by leaning
on the assumption that a directory will not contain something named
after the module being imported which is not a directory. If the module
is a package then it saves a stat call. If there is nothing in the
directory with the potential package name it also saves a stat call.
Only if there is something in the directory named the same thing as
the potential package will the number of stat calls increase
(due to more wasteful __init__ checks).
Semantically there is no change as the isdir check moved
down so that namespace packages continue to have no chance of
accidentally collecting non-existent directories.
and stop importlib.machinery.FileFinder treating '' as '.'.
Previous PathFinder transformed '' into '.' which led to __file__ for
modules imported from the cwd to always be relative paths. This meant
the values of the attribute were wrong as soon as the cwd changed.
This change now means that as long as the site module is run (which
makes all entries in sys.path absolute) then all values for __file__
will also be absolute unless it's for __main__ when specified by file
path in a relative way (modules imported by runpy will have an
absolute path).
Now that PathFinder is no longer treating '' as '.' it only makes
sense for FileFinder to stop doing so as well. Now no transformation
is performed for the directory given to the __init__ method.
Thanks to Madison May for the initial patch.
Eric Snow
Brett Cannon
Martin Panter
Victor Stinner
Serhiy Storchaka
Larry Hastings
Nick Coghlan
Barry Warsaw
Benjamin Peterson