Micro-optimize list index range checks (GH-9784)

Objects/listobject.c

@@ -208,6 +208,19 @@ PyList_Size(PyObject *op)
         return Py_SIZE(op);
 }
 
+static inline int
+valid_index(Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t limit)
+{
+    /* The cast to size_t lets us use just a single comparison
+       to check whether i is in the range: 0 <= i < limit.
+
+       See:  Section 14.2 "Bounds Checking" in the Agner Fog
+       optimization manual found at:
+       https://www.agner.org/optimize/optimizing_cpp.pdf
+    */
+    return (size_t) i < (size_t) limit;
+}
+
 static PyObject *indexerr = NULL;
 
 PyObject *
@@ -217,7 +230,7 @@ PyList_GetItem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(op)) {
+    if (!valid_index(i, Py_SIZE(op))) {
         if (indexerr == NULL) {
             indexerr = PyUnicode_FromString(
                 "list index out of range");
@@ -240,7 +253,7 @@ PyList_SetItem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i,
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return -1;
     }
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(op)) {
+    if (!valid_index(i, Py_SIZE(op))) {
         Py_XDECREF(newitem);
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
                         "list assignment index out of range");
@@ -426,7 +439,7 @@ list_contains(PyListObject *a, PyObject *el)
 static PyObject *
 list_item(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t i)
 {
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
+    if (!valid_index(i, Py_SIZE(a))) {
         if (indexerr == NULL) {
             indexerr = PyUnicode_FromString(
                 "list index out of range");
@@ -749,7 +762,7 @@ list_inplace_repeat(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
 static int
 list_ass_item(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v)
 {
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
+    if (!valid_index(i, Py_SIZE(a))) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
                         "list assignment index out of range");
         return -1;
@@ -996,7 +1009,7 @@ list_pop_impl(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t index)
     }
     if (index < 0)
         index += Py_SIZE(self);
-    if (index < 0 || index >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+    if (!valid_index(index, Py_SIZE(self))) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop index out of range");
         return NULL;
     }