Doc: fix default role usage (except in unittest mock docs)

Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ NULL pointer for use in a ``return`` statement.
 
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_FormatV(PyObject *exception, const char *format, va_list vargs)
 
-   Same as :c:func:`PyErr_Format`, but taking a `va_list` argument rather
+   Same as :c:func:`PyErr_Format`, but taking a :c:type:`va_list` argument rather
    than a variable number of arguments.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5

Doc/distutils/examples.rst

@@ -286,20 +286,20 @@ Reading the metadata
 
 The :func:`distutils.core.setup` function provides a command-line interface
 that allows you to query the metadata fields of a project through the
-`setup.py` script of a given project::
+``setup.py`` script of a given project::
 
     $ python setup.py --name
     distribute
 
-This call reads the `name` metadata by running the
+This call reads the ``name`` metadata by running the
 :func:`distutils.core.setup`  function. Although, when a source or binary
 distribution is created with Distutils, the metadata fields are written
 in a static file called :file:`PKG-INFO`. When a Distutils-based project is
 installed in Python, the :file:`PKG-INFO` file is copied alongside the modules
 and packages of the distribution under :file:`NAME-VERSION-pyX.X.egg-info`,
-where `NAME` is the name of the project, `VERSION` its version as defined
-in the Metadata, and `pyX.X` the major and minor version of Python like
-`2.7` or `3.2`.
+where ``NAME`` is the name of the project, ``VERSION`` its version as defined
+in the Metadata, and ``pyX.X`` the major and minor version of Python like
+``2.7`` or ``3.2``.
 
 You can read back this static file, by using the
 :class:`distutils.dist.DistributionMetadata` class and its

Doc/howto/pyporting.rst

@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ Update ``map`` for imbalanced input sequences
 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 
 With Python 2, when ``map`` was given more than one input sequence it would pad
-the shorter sequences with `None` values, returning a sequence as long as the
+the shorter sequences with ``None`` values, returning a sequence as long as the
 longest input sequence.
 
 With Python 3, if the input sequences to ``map`` are of unequal length, ``map``

Doc/library/ctypes.rst

@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ As we can easily check, our array is sorted now::
    outside of Python's control (e.g. by the foreign code that calls the
    callback), ctypes creates a new dummy Python thread on every invocation. This
    behavior is correct for most purposes, but it means that values stored with
-   `threading.local` will *not* survive across different callbacks, even when
+   :class:`threading.local` will *not* survive across different callbacks, even when
    those calls are made from the same C thread.
 
 .. _ctypes-accessing-values-exported-from-dlls:

Doc/library/enum.rst

@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ whitespace-separated string of names, a sequence of names, a sequence of
 2-tuples with key/value pairs, or a mapping (e.g. dictionary) of names to
 values.  The last two options enable assigning arbitrary values to
 enumerations; the others auto-assign increasing integers starting with 1 (use
-the `start` parameter to specify a different starting value).  A
+the ``start`` parameter to specify a different starting value).  A
 new class derived from :class:`Enum` is returned.  In other words, the above
 assignment to :class:`Animal` is equivalent to::
 

Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst

@@ -1965,18 +1965,18 @@ with the :class:`Pool` class.
 
    .. method:: starmap(func, iterable[, chunksize])
 
-      Like :meth:`map` except that the elements of the `iterable` are expected
+      Like :meth:`map` except that the elements of the *iterable* are expected
       to be iterables that are unpacked as arguments.
 
-      Hence an `iterable` of `[(1,2), (3, 4)]` results in `[func(1,2),
-      func(3,4)]`.
+      Hence an *iterable* of ``[(1,2), (3, 4)]`` results in ``[func(1,2),
+      func(3,4)]``.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
    .. method:: starmap_async(func, iterable[, chunksize[, callback[, error_back]]])
 
       A combination of :meth:`starmap` and :meth:`map_async` that iterates over
-      `iterable` of iterables and calls `func` with the iterables unpacked.
+      *iterable* of iterables and calls *func* with the iterables unpacked.
       Returns a result object.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.3

Doc/library/pickle.rst

@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ methods:
 .. method:: object.__getnewargs__()
 
    This method serve a similar purpose as :meth:`__getnewargs_ex__` but
-   for protocols 2 and newer.  It must return a tuple of arguments `args`
+   for protocols 2 and newer.  It must return a tuple of arguments ``args``
    which will be passed to the :meth:`__new__` method upon unpickling.
 
    In protocols 4 and newer, :meth:`__getnewargs__` will not be called if

Doc/library/poplib.rst

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 This module defines a class, :class:`POP3`, which encapsulates a connection to a
 POP3 server and implements the protocol as defined in :rfc:`1939`. The
 :class:`POP3` class supports both the minimal and optional command sets from
-:rfc:`1939`. The :class:`POP3` class also supports the `STLS` command introduced
+:rfc:`1939`. The :class:`POP3` class also supports the ``STLS`` command introduced
 in :rfc:`2595` to enable encrypted communication on an already established connection.
 
 Additionally, this module provides a class :class:`POP3_SSL`, which provides

Doc/library/sys.rst

@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ always available.
    an underscore, and are not described here.  Regardless of its contents,
    :data:`sys.implementation` will not change during a run of the interpreter,
    nor between implementation versions.  (It may change between Python
-   language versions, however.)  See `PEP 421` for more information.
+   language versions, however.)  See :pep:`421` for more information.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 

Doc/library/test.rst

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ A basic boilerplate is often used::
 
 This code pattern allows the testing suite to be run by :mod:`test.regrtest`,
 on its own as a script that supports the :mod:`unittest` CLI, or via the
-`python -m unittest` CLI.
+``python -m unittest`` CLI.
 
 The goal for regression testing is to try to break code. This leads to a few
 guidelines to be followed:
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ guidelines to be followed:
          arg = (1, 2, 3)
 
   When using this pattern, remember that all classes that inherit from
-  `unittest.TestCase` are run as tests.  The `Mixin` class in the example above
+  :class:`unittest.TestCase` are run as tests.  The :class:`Mixin` class in the example above
   does not have any data and so can't be run by itself, thus it does not
-  inherit from `unittest.TestCase`.
+  inherit from :class:`unittest.TestCase`.
 
 
 .. seealso::

Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst

@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ server::
    # Print list of available methods
    print(s.system.listMethods())
 
-The following example included in `Lib/xmlrpc/server.py` module shows a server
-allowing dotted names and registering a multicall function.
+The following example included in the :file:`Lib/xmlrpc/server.py` module shows
+a server allowing dotted names and registering a multicall function.
 
 .. warning::
 

Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst

@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ first::
    18
 
 ``f.tell()`` returns an integer giving the file object's current position in the file
-represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when in `binary mode` and
-an opaque number when in `text mode`.
+represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when in binary mode and
+an opaque number when in text mode.
 
 To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, from_what)``.  The position is computed
 from adding *offset* to a reference point; the reference point is selected by

Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Some well-known APIs no longer return lists:
 
   If the input sequences are not of equal length, :func:`map` will
   stop at the termination of the shortest of the sequences. For full
-  compatibility with `map` from Python 2.x, also wrap the sequences in
+  compatibility with :func:`map` from Python 2.x, also wrap the sequences in
   :func:`itertools.zip_longest`, e.g. ``map(func, *sequences)`` becomes
   ``list(map(func, itertools.zip_longest(*sequences)))``.
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst

@@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ Add a new :class:`types.MappingProxyType` class: Read-only proxy of a mapping.
 (:issue:`14386`)
 
 
-The new functions `types.new_class` and `types.prepare_class` provide support
+The new functions :func:`types.new_class` and :func:`types.prepare_class` provide support
 for PEP 3115 compliant dynamic type creation. (:issue:`14588`)