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import fnmatchimport functoolsimport ioimport ntpathimport osimport posixpathimport reimport sysfrom collections.abc import Sequencefrom errno import EINVAL, ENOENT, ENOTDIRfrom operator import attrgetterfrom stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFOfrom urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as urlquote_from_bytes
supports_symlinks = Trueif os.name == 'nt': import nt if sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] >= (6, 0): from nt import _getfinalpathname else: supports_symlinks = False _getfinalpathname = Noneelse: nt = None
__all__ = [ "PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath", "Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath", ]
## Internals#
def _is_wildcard_pattern(pat): # Whether this pattern needs actual matching using fnmatch, or can # be looked up directly as a file. return "*" in pat or "?" in pat or "[" in pat
class _Flavour(object): """A flavour implements a particular (platform-specific) set of path
semantics."""
def __init__(self): self.join = self.sep.join
def parse_parts(self, parts): parsed = [] sep = self.sep altsep = self.altsep drv = root = '' it = reversed(parts) for part in it: if not part: continue if altsep: part = part.replace(altsep, sep) drv, root, rel = self.splitroot(part) if sep in rel: for x in reversed(rel.split(sep)): if x and x != '.': parsed.append(sys.intern(x)) else: if rel and rel != '.': parsed.append(sys.intern(rel)) if drv or root: if not drv: # If no drive is present, try to find one in the previous # parts. This makes the result of parsing e.g. # ("C:", "/", "a") reasonably intuitive. for part in it: if not part: continue if altsep: part = part.replace(altsep, sep) drv = self.splitroot(part)[0] if drv: break break if drv or root: parsed.append(drv + root) parsed.reverse() return drv, root, parsed
def join_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, parts, drv2, root2, parts2): """
Join the two paths represented by the respective (drive, root, parts) tuples. Return a new (drive, root, parts) tuple. """
if root2: if not drv2 and drv: return drv, root2, [drv + root2] + parts2[1:] elif drv2: if drv2 == drv or self.casefold(drv2) == self.casefold(drv): # Same drive => second path is relative to the first return drv, root, parts + parts2[1:] else: # Second path is non-anchored (common case) return drv, root, parts + parts2 return drv2, root2, parts2
class _WindowsFlavour(_Flavour): # Reference for Windows paths can be found at # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
sep = '\\' altsep = '/' has_drv = True pathmod = ntpath
is_supported = (os.name == 'nt')
drive_letters = set('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ') ext_namespace_prefix = '\\\\?\\'
reserved_names = ( {'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL'} | {'COM%d' % i for i in range(1, 10)} | {'LPT%d' % i for i in range(1, 10)} )
# Interesting findings about extended paths: # - '\\?\c:\a', '//?/c:\a' and '//?/c:/a' are all supported # but '\\?\c:/a' is not # - extended paths are always absolute; "relative" extended paths will # fail.
def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep): first = part[0:1] second = part[1:2] if (second == sep and first == sep): # XXX extended paths should also disable the collapsing of "." # components (according to MSDN docs). prefix, part = self._split_extended_path(part) first = part[0:1] second = part[1:2] else: prefix = '' third = part[2:3] if (second == sep and first == sep and third != sep): # is a UNC path: # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv root # \\machine\mountpoint\directory\etc\... # directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ index = part.find(sep, 2) if index != -1: index2 = part.find(sep, index + 1) # a UNC path can't have two slashes in a row # (after the initial two) if index2 != index + 1: if index2 == -1: index2 = len(part) if prefix: return prefix + part[1:index2], sep, part[index2+1:] else: return part[:index2], sep, part[index2+1:] drv = root = '' if second == ':' and first in self.drive_letters: drv = part[:2] part = part[2:] first = third if first == sep: root = first part = part.lstrip(sep) return prefix + drv, root, part
def casefold(self, s): return s.lower()
def casefold_parts(self, parts): return [p.lower() for p in parts]
def resolve(self, path, strict=False): s = str(path) if not s: return os.getcwd() previous_s = None if _getfinalpathname is not None: if strict: return self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s)) else: tail_parts = [] # End of the path after the first one not found while True: try: s = self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s)) except FileNotFoundError: previous_s = s s, tail = os.path.split(s) tail_parts.append(tail) if previous_s == s: return path else: return os.path.join(s, *reversed(tail_parts)) # Means fallback on absolute return None
def _split_extended_path(self, s, ext_prefix=ext_namespace_prefix): prefix = '' if s.startswith(ext_prefix): prefix = s[:4] s = s[4:] if s.startswith('UNC\\'): prefix += s[:3] s = '\\' + s[3:] return prefix, s
def _ext_to_normal(self, s): # Turn back an extended path into a normal DOS-like path return self._split_extended_path(s)[1]
def is_reserved(self, parts): # NOTE: the rules for reserved names seem somewhat complicated # (e.g. r"..\NUL" is reserved but not r"foo\NUL"). # We err on the side of caution and return True for paths which are # not considered reserved by Windows. if not parts: return False if parts[0].startswith('\\\\'): # UNC paths are never reserved return False return parts[-1].partition('.')[0].upper() in self.reserved_names
def make_uri(self, path): # Under Windows, file URIs use the UTF-8 encoding. drive = path.drive if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':': # It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b' rest = path.as_posix()[2:].lstrip('/') return 'file:///%s/%s' % ( drive, urlquote_from_bytes(rest.encode('utf-8'))) else: # It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b' return 'file:' + urlquote_from_bytes(path.as_posix().encode('utf-8'))
def gethomedir(self, username): if 'HOME' in os.environ: userhome = os.environ['HOME'] elif 'USERPROFILE' in os.environ: userhome = os.environ['USERPROFILE'] elif 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ: try: drv = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE'] except KeyError: drv = '' userhome = drv + os.environ['HOMEPATH'] else: raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory")
if username: # Try to guess user home directory. By default all users # directories are located in the same place and are named by # corresponding usernames. If current user home directory points # to nonstandard place, this guess is likely wrong. if os.environ['USERNAME'] != username: drv, root, parts = self.parse_parts((userhome,)) if parts[-1] != os.environ['USERNAME']: raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory " "for %r" % username) parts[-1] = username if drv or root: userhome = drv + root + self.join(parts[1:]) else: userhome = self.join(parts) return userhome
class _PosixFlavour(_Flavour): sep = '/' altsep = '' has_drv = False pathmod = posixpath
is_supported = (os.name != 'nt')
def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep): if part and part[0] == sep: stripped_part = part.lstrip(sep) # According to POSIX path resolution: # http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_11 # "A pathname that begins with two successive slashes may be # interpreted in an implementation-defined manner, although more # than two leading slashes shall be treated as a single slash". if len(part) - len(stripped_part) == 2: return '', sep * 2, stripped_part else: return '', sep, stripped_part else: return '', '', part
def casefold(self, s): return s
def casefold_parts(self, parts): return parts
def resolve(self, path, strict=False): sep = self.sep accessor = path._accessor seen = {} def _resolve(path, rest): if rest.startswith(sep): path = ''
for name in rest.split(sep): if not name or name == '.': # current dir continue if name == '..': # parent dir path, _, _ = path.rpartition(sep) continue newpath = path + sep + name if newpath in seen: # Already seen this path path = seen[newpath] if path is not None: # use cached value continue # The symlink is not resolved, so we must have a symlink loop. raise RuntimeError("Symlink loop from %r" % newpath) # Resolve the symbolic link try: target = accessor.readlink(newpath) except OSError as e: if e.errno != EINVAL and strict: raise # Not a symlink, or non-strict mode. We just leave the path # untouched. path = newpath else: seen[newpath] = None # not resolved symlink path = _resolve(path, target) seen[newpath] = path # resolved symlink
return path # NOTE: according to POSIX, getcwd() cannot contain path components # which are symlinks. base = '' if path.is_absolute() else os.getcwd() return _resolve(base, str(path)) or sep
def is_reserved(self, parts): return False
def make_uri(self, path): # We represent the path using the local filesystem encoding, # for portability to other applications. bpath = bytes(path) return 'file://' + urlquote_from_bytes(bpath)
def gethomedir(self, username): if not username: try: return os.environ['HOME'] except KeyError: import pwd return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir else: import pwd try: return pwd.getpwnam(username).pw_dir except KeyError: raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory " "for %r" % username)
_windows_flavour = _WindowsFlavour()_posix_flavour = _PosixFlavour()
class _Accessor: """An accessor implements a particular (system-specific or not) way of
accessing paths on the filesystem."""
class _NormalAccessor(_Accessor):
stat = os.stat
lstat = os.lstat
open = os.open
listdir = os.listdir
scandir = os.scandir
chmod = os.chmod
if hasattr(os, "lchmod"): lchmod = os.lchmod else: def lchmod(self, pathobj, mode): raise NotImplementedError("lchmod() not available on this system")
mkdir = os.mkdir
unlink = os.unlink
rmdir = os.rmdir
rename = os.rename
replace = os.replace
if nt: if supports_symlinks: symlink = os.symlink else: def symlink(a, b, target_is_directory): raise NotImplementedError("symlink() not available on this system") else: # Under POSIX, os.symlink() takes two args @staticmethod def symlink(a, b, target_is_directory): return os.symlink(a, b)
utime = os.utime
# Helper for resolve() def readlink(self, path): return os.readlink(path)
_normal_accessor = _NormalAccessor()
## Globbing helpers#
def _make_selector(pattern_parts): pat = pattern_parts[0] child_parts = pattern_parts[1:] if pat == '**': cls = _RecursiveWildcardSelector elif '**' in pat: raise ValueError("Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component") elif _is_wildcard_pattern(pat): cls = _WildcardSelector else: cls = _PreciseSelector return cls(pat, child_parts)
if hasattr(functools, "lru_cache"): _make_selector = functools.lru_cache()(_make_selector)
class _Selector: """A selector matches a specific glob pattern part against the children
of a given path."""
def __init__(self, child_parts): self.child_parts = child_parts if child_parts: self.successor = _make_selector(child_parts) self.dironly = True else: self.successor = _TerminatingSelector() self.dironly = False
def select_from(self, parent_path): """Iterate over all child paths of `parent_path` matched by this
selector. This can contain parent_path itself."""
path_cls = type(parent_path) is_dir = path_cls.is_dir exists = path_cls.exists scandir = parent_path._accessor.scandir if not is_dir(parent_path): return iter([]) return self._select_from(parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir)
class _TerminatingSelector:
def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir): yield parent_path
class _PreciseSelector(_Selector):
def __init__(self, name, child_parts): self.name = name _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir): try: path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(self.name) if (is_dir if self.dironly else exists)(path): for p in self.successor._select_from(path, is_dir, exists, scandir): yield p except PermissionError: return
class _WildcardSelector(_Selector):
def __init__(self, pat, child_parts): self.pat = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(pat)) _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir): try: cf = parent_path._flavour.casefold entries = list(scandir(parent_path)) for entry in entries: if not self.dironly or entry.is_dir(): name = entry.name casefolded = cf(name) if self.pat.match(casefolded): path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(name) for p in self.successor._select_from(path, is_dir, exists, scandir): yield p except PermissionError: return
class _RecursiveWildcardSelector(_Selector):
def __init__(self, pat, child_parts): _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
def _iterate_directories(self, parent_path, is_dir, scandir): yield parent_path try: entries = list(scandir(parent_path)) for entry in entries: if entry.is_dir() and not entry.is_symlink(): path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(entry.name) for p in self._iterate_directories(path, is_dir, scandir): yield p except PermissionError: return
def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir): try: yielded = set() try: successor_select = self.successor._select_from for starting_point in self._iterate_directories(parent_path, is_dir, scandir): for p in successor_select(starting_point, is_dir, exists, scandir): if p not in yielded: yield p yielded.add(p) finally: yielded.clear() except PermissionError: return
## Public API#
class _PathParents(Sequence): """This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
of a path. Don't try to construct it yourself.""" __slots__ = ('_pathcls', '_drv', '_root', '_parts')
def __init__(self, path): # We don't store the instance to avoid reference cycles self._pathcls = type(path) self._drv = path._drv self._root = path._root self._parts = path._parts
def __len__(self): if self._drv or self._root: return len(self._parts) - 1 else: return len(self._parts)
def __getitem__(self, idx): if idx < 0 or idx >= len(self): raise IndexError(idx) return self._pathcls._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, self._parts[:-idx - 1])
def __repr__(self): return "<{}.parents>".format(self._pathcls.__name__)
class PurePath(object): """PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
don't imply any actual filesystem I/O. Depending on your system, instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a PureWindowsPath object. You can also instantiate either of these classes directly, regardless of your system. """
__slots__ = ( '_drv', '_root', '_parts', '_str', '_hash', '_pparts', '_cached_cparts', )
def __new__(cls, *args): """Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
PurePath objects. The strings and path objects are combined so as to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the new PurePath object. """
if cls is PurePath: cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath return cls._from_parts(args)
def __reduce__(self): # Using the parts tuple helps share interned path parts # when pickling related paths. return (self.__class__, tuple(self._parts))
@classmethod def _parse_args(cls, args): # This is useful when you don't want to create an instance, just # canonicalize some constructor arguments. parts = [] for a in args: if isinstance(a, PurePath): parts += a._parts else: a = os.fspath(a) if isinstance(a, str): # Force-cast str subclasses to str (issue #21127) parts.append(str(a)) else: raise TypeError( "argument should be a str object or an os.PathLike " "object returning str, not %r" % type(a)) return cls._flavour.parse_parts(parts)
@classmethod def _from_parts(cls, args, init=True): # We need to call _parse_args on the instance, so as to get the # right flavour. self = object.__new__(cls) drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args) self._drv = drv self._root = root self._parts = parts if init: self._init() return self
@classmethod def _from_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts, init=True): self = object.__new__(cls) self._drv = drv self._root = root self._parts = parts if init: self._init() return self
@classmethod def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts): if drv or root: return drv + root + cls._flavour.join(parts[1:]) else: return cls._flavour.join(parts)
def _init(self): # Overridden in concrete Path pass
def _make_child(self, args): drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args) drv, root, parts = self._flavour.join_parsed_parts( self._drv, self._root, self._parts, drv, root, parts) return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts)
def __str__(self): """Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
passing to system calls."""
try: return self._str except AttributeError: self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, self._parts) or '.' return self._str
def __fspath__(self): return str(self)
def as_posix(self): """Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
slashes."""
f = self._flavour return str(self).replace(f.sep, '/')
def __bytes__(self): """Return the bytes representation of the path. This is only
recommended to use under Unix."""
return os.fsencode(self)
def __repr__(self): return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())
def as_uri(self): """Return the path as a 'file' URI.""" if not self.is_absolute(): raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI") return self._flavour.make_uri(self)
@property def _cparts(self): # Cached casefolded parts, for hashing and comparison try: return self._cached_cparts except AttributeError: self._cached_cparts = self._flavour.casefold_parts(self._parts) return self._cached_cparts
def __eq__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, PurePath): return NotImplemented return self._cparts == other._cparts and self._flavour is other._flavour
def __hash__(self): try: return self._hash except AttributeError: self._hash = hash(tuple(self._cparts)) return self._hash
def __lt__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour: return NotImplemented return self._cparts < other._cparts
def __le__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour: return NotImplemented return self._cparts <= other._cparts
def __gt__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour: return NotImplemented return self._cparts > other._cparts
def __ge__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self._flavour is not other._flavour: return NotImplemented return self._cparts >= other._cparts
drive = property(attrgetter('_drv'), doc="""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any.""")
root = property(attrgetter('_root'), doc="""The root of the path, if any.""")
@property def anchor(self): """The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''.""" anchor = self._drv + self._root return anchor
@property def name(self): """The final path component, if any.""" parts = self._parts if len(parts) == (1 if (self._drv or self._root) else 0): return '' return parts[-1]
@property def suffix(self): """The final component's last suffix, if any.""" name = self.name i = name.rfind('.') if 0 < i < len(name) - 1: return name[i:] else: return ''
@property def suffixes(self): """A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.""" name = self.name if name.endswith('.'): return [] name = name.lstrip('.') return ['.' + suffix for suffix in name.split('.')[1:]]
@property def stem(self): """The final path component, minus its last suffix.""" name = self.name i = name.rfind('.') if 0 < i < len(name) - 1: return name[:i] else: return name
def with_name(self, name): """Return a new path with the file name changed.""" if not self.name: raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,)) drv, root, parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((name,)) if (not name or name[-1] in [self._flavour.sep, self._flavour.altsep] or drv or root or len(parts) != 1): raise ValueError("Invalid name %r" % (name)) return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, self._parts[:-1] + [name])
def with_suffix(self, suffix): """Return a new path with the file suffix changed (or added, if none).""" # XXX if suffix is None, should the current suffix be removed? f = self._flavour if f.sep in suffix or f.altsep and f.altsep in suffix: raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix)) if suffix and not suffix.startswith('.') or suffix == '.': raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix)) name = self.name if not name: raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,)) old_suffix = self.suffix if not old_suffix: name = name + suffix else: name = name[:-len(old_suffix)] + suffix return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, self._parts[:-1] + [name])
def relative_to(self, *other): """Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
arguments. If the operation is not possible (because this is not a subpath of the other path), raise ValueError. """
# For the purpose of this method, drive and root are considered # separate parts, i.e.: # Path('c:/').relative_to('c:') gives Path('/') # Path('c:/').relative_to('/') raise ValueError if not other: raise TypeError("need at least one argument") parts = self._parts drv = self._drv root = self._root if root: abs_parts = [drv, root] + parts[1:] else: abs_parts = parts to_drv, to_root, to_parts = self._parse_args(other) if to_root: to_abs_parts = [to_drv, to_root] + to_parts[1:] else: to_abs_parts = to_parts n = len(to_abs_parts) cf = self._flavour.casefold_parts if (root or drv) if n == 0 else cf(abs_parts[:n]) != cf(to_abs_parts): formatted = self._format_parsed_parts(to_drv, to_root, to_parts) raise ValueError("{!r} does not start with {!r}" .format(str(self), str(formatted))) return self._from_parsed_parts('', root if n == 1 else '', abs_parts[n:])
@property def parts(self): """An object providing sequence-like access to the
components in the filesystem path."""
# We cache the tuple to avoid building a new one each time .parts # is accessed. XXX is this necessary? try: return self._pparts except AttributeError: self._pparts = tuple(self._parts) return self._pparts
def joinpath(self, *args): """Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is anchored). """
return self._make_child(args)
def __truediv__(self, key): return self._make_child((key,))
def __rtruediv__(self, key): return self._from_parts([key] + self._parts)
@property def parent(self): """The logical parent of the path.""" drv = self._drv root = self._root parts = self._parts if len(parts) == 1 and (drv or root): return self return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts[:-1])
@property def parents(self): """A sequence of this path's logical parents.""" return _PathParents(self)
def is_absolute(self): """True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
a drive)."""
if not self._root: return False return not self._flavour.has_drv or bool(self._drv)
def is_reserved(self): """Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
by the system, if any."""
return self._flavour.is_reserved(self._parts)
def match(self, path_pattern): """
Return True if this path matches the given pattern. """
cf = self._flavour.casefold path_pattern = cf(path_pattern) drv, root, pat_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((path_pattern,)) if not pat_parts: raise ValueError("empty pattern") if drv and drv != cf(self._drv): return False if root and root != cf(self._root): return False parts = self._cparts if drv or root: if len(pat_parts) != len(parts): return False pat_parts = pat_parts[1:] elif len(pat_parts) > len(parts): return False for part, pat in zip(reversed(parts), reversed(pat_parts)): if not fnmatch.fnmatchcase(part, pat): return False return True
# Can't subclass os.PathLike from PurePath and keep the constructor# optimizations in PurePath._parse_args().os.PathLike.register(PurePath)
class PurePosixPath(PurePath): _flavour = _posix_flavour __slots__ = ()
class PureWindowsPath(PurePath): _flavour = _windows_flavour __slots__ = ()
# Filesystem-accessing classes
class Path(PurePath): __slots__ = ( '_accessor', '_closed', )
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls is Path: cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath self = cls._from_parts(args, init=False) if not self._flavour.is_supported: raise NotImplementedError("cannot instantiate %r on your system" % (cls.__name__,)) self._init() return self
def _init(self, # Private non-constructor arguments template=None, ): self._closed = False if template is not None: self._accessor = template._accessor else: self._accessor = _normal_accessor
def _make_child_relpath(self, part): # This is an optimization used for dir walking. `part` must be # a single part relative to this path. parts = self._parts + [part] return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, parts)
def __enter__(self): if self._closed: self._raise_closed() return self
def __exit__(self, t, v, tb): self._closed = True
def _raise_closed(self): raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed path")
def _opener(self, name, flags, mode=0o666): # A stub for the opener argument to built-in open() return self._accessor.open(self, flags, mode)
def _raw_open(self, flags, mode=0o777): """
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file descriptor, as os.open() does. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() return self._accessor.open(self, flags, mode)
# Public API
@classmethod def cwd(cls): """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory
(as returned by os.getcwd()). """
return cls(os.getcwd())
@classmethod def home(cls): """Return a new path pointing to the user's home directory (as
returned by os.path.expanduser('~')). """
return cls(cls()._flavour.gethomedir(None))
def samefile(self, other_path): """Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
(as returned by os.path.samefile()). """
st = self.stat() try: other_st = other_path.stat() except AttributeError: other_st = os.stat(other_path) return os.path.samestat(st, other_st)
def iterdir(self): """Iterate over the files in this directory. Does not yield any
result for the special paths '.' and '..'. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() for name in self._accessor.listdir(self): if name in {'.', '..'}: # Yielding a path object for these makes little sense continue yield self._make_child_relpath(name) if self._closed: self._raise_closed()
def glob(self, pattern): """Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
kind, including directories) matching the given pattern. """
if not pattern: raise ValueError("Unacceptable pattern: {!r}".format(pattern)) pattern = self._flavour.casefold(pattern) drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,)) if drv or root: raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported") selector = _make_selector(tuple(pattern_parts)) for p in selector.select_from(self): yield p
def rglob(self, pattern): """Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
directories) matching the given pattern, anywhere in this subtree. """
pattern = self._flavour.casefold(pattern) drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,)) if drv or root: raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported") selector = _make_selector(("**",) + tuple(pattern_parts)) for p in selector.select_from(self): yield p
def absolute(self): """Return an absolute version of this path. This function works
even if the path doesn't point to anything.
No normalization is done, i.e. all '.' and '..' will be kept along. Use resolve() to get the canonical path to a file. """
# XXX untested yet! if self._closed: self._raise_closed() if self.is_absolute(): return self # FIXME this must defer to the specific flavour (and, under Windows, # use nt._getfullpathname()) obj = self._from_parts([os.getcwd()] + self._parts, init=False) obj._init(template=self) return obj
def resolve(self, strict=False): """
Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also normalizing it (for example turning slashes into backslashes under Windows). """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() s = self._flavour.resolve(self, strict=strict) if s is None: # No symlink resolution => for consistency, raise an error if # the path doesn't exist or is forbidden self.stat() s = str(self.absolute()) # Now we have no symlinks in the path, it's safe to normalize it. normed = self._flavour.pathmod.normpath(s) obj = self._from_parts((normed,), init=False) obj._init(template=self) return obj
def stat(self): """
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like os.stat() does. """
return self._accessor.stat(self)
def owner(self): """
Return the login name of the file owner. """
import pwd return pwd.getpwuid(self.stat().st_uid).pw_name
def group(self): """
Return the group name of the file gid. """
import grp return grp.getgrgid(self.stat().st_gid).gr_name
def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None): """
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as the built-in open() function does. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() return io.open(self, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline, opener=self._opener)
def read_bytes(self): """
Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file. """
with self.open(mode='rb') as f: return f.read()
def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """
Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file. """
with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f: return f.read()
def write_bytes(self, data): """
Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file. """
# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file view = memoryview(data) with self.open(mode='wb') as f: return f.write(view)
def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None): """
Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file. """
if not isinstance(data, str): raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' % data.__class__.__name__) with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f: return f.write(data)
def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True): """
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() if exist_ok: # First try to bump modification time # Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of # the utimensat() / futimens() functions. try: self._accessor.utime(self, None) except OSError: # Avoid exception chaining pass else: return flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY if not exist_ok: flags |= os.O_EXCL fd = self._raw_open(flags, mode) os.close(fd)
def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False): """
Create a new directory at this given path. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() try: self._accessor.mkdir(self, mode) except FileNotFoundError: if not parents or self.parent == self: raise self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok) except OSError: # Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system # could give priority to other errors like EACCES or EROFS if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir(): raise
def chmod(self, mode): """
Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod(). """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.chmod(self, mode)
def lchmod(self, mode): """
Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's permissions are changed, rather than its target's. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.lchmod(self, mode)
def unlink(self): """
Remove this file or link. If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.unlink(self)
def rmdir(self): """
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.rmdir(self)
def lstat(self): """
Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's status information is returned, rather than its target's. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() return self._accessor.lstat(self)
def rename(self, target): """
Rename this path to the given path. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.rename(self, target)
def replace(self, target): """
Rename this path to the given path, clobbering the existing destination if it exists. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.replace(self, target)
def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False): """
Make this path a symlink pointing to the given path. Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.symlink's. """
if self._closed: self._raise_closed() self._accessor.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
# Convenience functions for querying the stat results
def exists(self): """
Whether this path exists. """
try: self.stat() except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise return False return True
def is_dir(self): """
Whether this path is a directory. """
try: return S_ISDIR(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def is_file(self): """
Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing to regular files). """
try: return S_ISREG(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def is_mount(self): """
Check if this path is a POSIX mount point """
# Need to exist and be a dir if not self.exists() or not self.is_dir(): return False
parent = Path(self.parent) try: parent_dev = parent.stat().st_dev except OSError: return False
dev = self.stat().st_dev if dev != parent_dev: return True ino = self.stat().st_ino parent_ino = parent.stat().st_ino return ino == parent_ino
def is_symlink(self): """
Whether this path is a symbolic link. """
try: return S_ISLNK(self.lstat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist return False
def is_block_device(self): """
Whether this path is a block device. """
try: return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def is_char_device(self): """
Whether this path is a character device. """
try: return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def is_fifo(self): """
Whether this path is a FIFO. """
try: return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def is_socket(self): """
Whether this path is a socket. """
try: return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR): raise # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/) return False
def expanduser(self): """ Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
(as returned by os.path.expanduser) """
if (not (self._drv or self._root) and self._parts and self._parts[0][:1] == '~'): homedir = self._flavour.gethomedir(self._parts[0][1:]) return self._from_parts([homedir] + self._parts[1:])
return self
class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath): __slots__ = ()
class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath): __slots__ = ()
def owner(self): raise NotImplementedError("Path.owner() is unsupported on this system")
def group(self): raise NotImplementedError("Path.group() is unsupported on this system")
def is_mount(self): raise NotImplementedError("Path.is_mount() is unsupported on this system")
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