cpython/Include/bytesobject.h

/* Bytes (String) object interface */

#ifndef Py_BYTESOBJECT_H
#define Py_BYTESOBJECT_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include <stdarg.h>

/*
Type PyBytesObject represents a character string.  An extra zero byte is
reserved at the end to ensure it is zero-terminated, but a size is
present so strings with null bytes in them can be represented.  This
is an immutable object type.

There are functions to create new string objects, to test
an object for string-ness, and to get the
string value.  The latter function returns a null pointer
if the object is not of the proper type.
There is a variant that takes an explicit size as well as a
variant that assumes a zero-terminated string.  Note that none of the
functions should be applied to nil objects.
*/

/* Caching the hash (ob_shash) saves recalculation of a string's hash value.
   This significantly speeds up dict lookups. */

PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBytes_Type;
PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBytesIter_Type;

#define PyBytes_Check(op) \
                 PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(op), Py_TPFLAGS_BYTES_SUBCLASS)
#define PyBytes_CheckExact(op) Py_IS_TYPE(op, &PyBytes_Type)

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(const char *, Py_ssize_t);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_FromString(const char *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_FromObject(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_FromFormatV(const char*, va_list)
                                Py_GCC_ATTRIBUTE((format(printf, 1, 0)));
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_FromFormat(const char*, ...)
                                Py_GCC_ATTRIBUTE((format(printf, 1, 2)));
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyBytes_Size(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(char *) PyBytes_AsString(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_Repr(PyObject *, int);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBytes_Concat(PyObject **, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(PyObject **, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyBytes_DecodeEscape(const char *, Py_ssize_t,
                                            const char *, Py_ssize_t,
                                            const char *);

/* Provides access to the internal data buffer and size of a string
   object or the default encoded version of a Unicode object. Passing
   NULL as *len parameter will force the string buffer to be
   0-terminated (passing a string with embedded NULL characters will
   cause an exception).  */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(
    PyObject *obj,      /* string or Unicode object */
    char **s,           /* pointer to buffer variable */
    Py_ssize_t *len     /* pointer to length variable or NULL
                           (only possible for 0-terminated
                           strings) */
    );

/* Flags used by string formatting */
#define F_LJUST (1<<0)
#define F_SIGN  (1<<1)
#define F_BLANK (1<<2)
#define F_ALT   (1<<3)
#define F_ZERO  (1<<4)

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
#  define Py_CPYTHON_BYTESOBJECT_H
#  include  "cpython/bytesobject.h"
#  undef Py_CPYTHON_BYTESOBJECT_H
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !Py_BYTESOBJECT_H */